Abacus, 52

Abd-er-Rahman, Caliph, 126

Acropolis, 61, 62

Adan, the, 126

Age of Legend (Greece), 46

Agrippa, 76

Albert Hall, South Kensington, 181

Alexander the Great; 17;
and Thais, 34

Alexandria, obelisks at, 15

Alhambra; 129;
described by De Amicis, 129, 130

American architecture;
youth of, 181;
domestic, 183, 184;
periods of, 184;
modern writer on, 186;
promise of, 188, 190 (and see United States)

Amytis, 30

Ancient or heathen art, 2

Ancient architecture; 87;
change from, to Gothic, 79;
adapted to climate and use, 172

Andrea del Sarto, 153

Angers, church at, 103

Antæ. See pilasters

Arabs, 128

Arcades;
combined from Greek and Etruscan art, 76;
of Ducal Palace, Venice, 142

Arc de l’Étoile (Paris), 165

Arch;
knowledge of principle of, 73;
found in Etruscan ruins, 73;
oldest in Europe (of Cloaca Maxima), 74;
the Roman triumphal, 81;
of Titus, 82;
of Septimius Severus, 82;
of Beneventum, 82, 83;
Roman, 83;
(Gothic) unending use of, 95;
French use of pointed, 96;
early use of pointed, 123;
examples of, in Court of the Lions, 130;
examples of, in Ducal Palace, 142;
triumphal, in France, 164

Architecture in general, 1

Architrave, 52, 56

Art;
as effected by Athenian influence, 67;
(Gothic) religious use of, 103;
(Gothic) revival of, 104;
(Gothic) applied to civic edifices, 104;
of Renaissance, and Filippo Brunelleschi, 134–138;
(Italian) 145;
(Italian) as a means of religion, 154

Artaxerxes Ochus, palace of, 38

Artemisia, 68, 69

Assouan. See Syene

Assyria;
ruins of, 21;
cuneiform inscriptions found in, 21;
religious influence in, 22;
bas-reliefs of, 22;
palaces of, described, 23–26;
Hercules of, 24;
196excelling in
architects and designers, 28;
obelisk of, 28, 29

Assyrian pillars, shaft of, 12

Assyrians, Persians taught by, 34

Astronomy, and Birs-i-Nimrud, 32

Athena;
Parthenos, 62;
Polias;
statue of, 62, 64;
Promachos, 62 (and see Minerva)

Athens;
Choragic Monument of Lysicrates at, 57;
Erechtheium at, 59;
Acropolis of, 61;
municipal buildings of, 67

Attic base, 55

Attic-Ionic style, the Erechtheium an example of, 65

Aue-Kirche (Munich), 175

Augustines, church of the (Paris), 160

Augustus (Emperor), boast of, 80

Autharis, 90

Avenue of Sphinxes, 13

Babylon;
inscriptions of, 21;
hanging gardens of, 29;
temples of, 30;
temple of Belus at, 31;
prophecies concerning, 33

Babylonians;
knowledge of, as builders, 30;
Persians taught by, 34

Bacchus, monument of Lysicrates dedicated to, 68

Baptistery at Florence, 90

Barry, Sir Charles, 171

Base;
Grecian Doric, 11;
decorations on, at Persepolis, 41;
Attic, 55;
Ionic, 55;
Tuscan order of, 76;
Composite, 76

Basilica;
of St. Paul’s (Rome), 88;
of the Escurial, 146, 148;
near St. Mark’s, 114;
at Munich, 175

Basilicas;
of Rome, 78;
of Trajan and Maxentius, 79;
columns of, 79;
given up to Christians, 87

Bas-reliefs, of Assyria, 22

Baths;
of Agrippa, 76;
of Diocletian, 80;
of Caracalla, 80

Battiste Monegro, statues of Escurial by, 149

Bavaria, bronze statue of, 176

Bedford House, 184

Belus, temple of (Babylon), 31

Belzoni, and tomb of Seti I., 7

Beneventum, arch of, 82, 83

Beni-Hassan, tombs at, 5

Benvenuto Cellini, 153

Bergamo, porch at, 112

Berlin;
Brandenburg Gate at, 173;
New Museum at, 177

Bianca, wife of Francesco Sforza, 144

Birs-i-Nimrud, 32

Bishop of Paris, St. Germain, 173

Boodroom, name of Halicarnassus changed to, 70

Boulevards (Paris), 164

Bourse (Lyons), 162

Bow Church (London), steeple of, 168

Bramante; 140;
great court (Milan), designed by, 144

Brandenburg Gate (Berlin), 173

British Museum, 169

Broletto at Como, 112

Brunelleschi, Filippo; 134;
and story of Columbus and the egg, 138;
statue of (Florence), 138;
architect of Pitti Palace, 138, 154

Byzantine order, the;
geographical boundaries of, 93;
in Southern Italy, 111, 115;
and Constantinople, 117;
the dome the chief characteristic of, 117;
and the Greek Church, 117;
decline of, 117;
exterior and interior of, 119

Byzantine-Romanesque, 115, 122

Cæsar, works of, 134

Cairo;
mosque at, 123;
mosque near, 125

Caliph Abd-er-Rahman, 126
197

Callimachus (sculptor), and Corinthian capital, 58, 59

Cambridge, Fitzwilliam College at, 169

Campaniles, 112, 114 (and see Clock-tower).

Canterbury Cathedral, and pointed arches, 124

Capital;
definition of, 11;
varieties of in Great Hall of Karnak, 40;
Grecian, 52;
Ionic, 55;
of Corinthian order, 57, 58;
of Roman Composite order, 75;
variety of in mosque of Cordova, 128;
in Ducal Palace, 142

Capitol;
State and National, 181;
at Washington, 182, 183;
of Ohio, 183;
at Albany, 188

Car of Victory, and Napoleon, 173

Cardinal Richelieu, 154

Caria, King of, 69

Caryatides; 59;
of the Walhalla, 178

Casino;
at Newport, 188;
at New York, 188

Castle of Wartburg, 109, 110

Cathedral;
at Aix-la-Chapelle, 123;
at Florence, 136, 138;
at Jaen, 146;
at Valladolid, 146;
of St. Paul’s London, 167;
at New York, 188

Cecilia Metella, tomb of, 84

Cella, 51

Central Park, New York, obelisk in, 16

Chambord, château of, 154, 161

Champs Elysées, Arc de l’Étoile in (Paris), 165

Charlemagne, 123

Charles I. of England and classic art, 134

Charles V. of Spain, abdication of, 146

Charles IX. of France, 161

Chehl Minar, 38 (and see Great Hall of Audience)

Chenonceaux, châteaux of, 154

Cheops. See Pyramids

Chiswick House, Inigo Jones designer of, 167

Choragic Monument of Lysicrates (Athens), 57

Choragus, 67

Christians;
art of, in Sicily, 116;
under Constantine, 87;
rise and progress of architecture of, 87;
influence of belief of, 93

Church;
of San Miniato, 115;
of Mother of God (Constantinople), 123;
of St. Vitale (Ravenna), 123;
of the Escurial, 155;
of the Sarbonne, 156;
of St. Genevieve, 158 (and see Pantheon);
of the Invalides (Paris), 156–158;
of the Trinity (Paris), 160;
of the Madeleine (Paris), 160;
of the Augustines (Paris), 160;
of St. Paul’s (Covent Garden), 166;
of St. Stephen’s (Walbrook), 168;
of St. Ludwig (Munich), 175

Churches;
early forms of, in Italy, 89;
(Gothic) interiors of, 98,
rood-screens of, 107;
of Burgos, 105;
of Toledo, 105;
of Malaga and Segovia, 146

Churriguera, Josef de, 146

Churrigueresque style, 146

Civic order, Broletto at Como, 112

Classic style, revival of, in Germany, 172

Classic literature of Rome, influence of, 153

Cleopatra’s Needles, 15

Cloaca Maxima (Rome), 74

Clock-tower; near St. Mark’s (Venice), 114 (and see Campanile)

Cologne, great cathedral of, 10

Colonial period (America), 184

Colosseum, 80 198

Colossi, 13 (and see Rameses the Great)

Columbaria, 84, 85

Columns; 11;
of Hypostyle Hall (Karnak), 11;
Assyrian knowledge of, 28;
of Great Hall of Audience, 39, 40;
Persian development of, 42;
Grecian, 52;
Ionic, 56;
of temple of Diana (Ephesus), 60;
of green jasper at St. Sophia, 61;
Tuscan order of, 76;
of basilicas, 79; of St. Paul’s (Rome), 89;
of St. Sophia, 120;
of mosque of Cordova, 127, 128;
of the Alhambra, 129, 130;
in court-yard of the Escurial, 149;
of the Pantheon, 158;
of Victory, in France, 164;
of portico of Ruhmeshalle, 176 (and see “Groves of Pillars” and Pillars)

Composite order, 75

Constantine, Emperor; 2;
Egypt in time of, 19;
arch of, 81;
Christians under, 87, 117

Constantinople;
St. Sophia at, 61;
and Byzantine order, 117

Convent of Escurial, 150, 151

Cordova, mosque at, 126

Corinthian capital, 58, 59

Corinthian order; 52; 57;
capital of, 57, 58;
shown in the Madeleine (Paris), 160

Cornice, 53, 76

Count of Thuringia, 110

Court of the Lions, 129, 130

Cragie House (Cambridge), 184

Crown, iron, of Theodolinda, 92

Crypt of the Invalides, 158

Custom House at Rouen, 162

Cyrus, tomb of, 42, 43

Darius;
palace of, 38;
tomb of, 43

Dark Ages, 134

De Amicis;
quoted concerning the mosque of Cordova, 126;
quoted concerning the Escurial, 148–152

Diana, 60

Diocletian, palace of (Spalatro), 86

Distyle in Antis, 51

Doge’s Palace (Venice), 114 (and see Ducal Palace)

Dome;
chief characteristic of Byzantine architecture, 117; 119;
of the cathedral of Florence, 138;
of St. Peter’s (Rome), 138;
of the Invalides, 157;
of the Pantheon (Paris), 158;
of the Capitol (Washington), 183

Domes of St. Mark’s (Venice), 114

Domestic architecture;
Egyptian study of, 16;
of Greece, 70;
of Rome, 85;
Gothic, 109;
of Spain, 152;
of France, 162;
examples of, in Great Britain, 169;
of America, 183, 184

Doric order;
imitated old Egyptian tombs, 7;
characteristics of, 52–54;
traced back, 54;
and Ionic order, compared, 57;
Propylæa and Parthenon as examples of, 64

Dresden, new theatre and picture gallery of, 177

Ducal Palace (Venice), and John Ruskin, 142 (and see Doge’s Palace)

“Easterns,” the, 123 (and see Saracens)

Ebed, the, 126

Ecbatana, palace of, 34

Echinus, 52

Eclectic style, 188

Edfou, temple of, 17

’Early Spanish’ architecture, 106

Egypt, tombs and ruins of, 2–20;
religion of, influencing art, 8;
pillars of, 11;
199hieroglyphics on pillars of, 12;
irregular plans of palaces and temples of, 13;
obelisks of, removed, 15;
ancient houses of, 16;
domestic architecture of, 16;
under the Ptolemies, 17;
decline of arts of, in later days, 19;
in time of Constantine (Emperor), 19;
present knowledge of history of, 20

Elmwood, 184

England;
imitation of other styles of architecture in, 166;
Gothic order in, 166;
examples of various architectural styles in, 169;
art of, at the present time, 172;
revival of Gothic art in, 170

Entablature;
definition of, 54;
of Walhalla, 178

Entasis, 67

Ephesus;
temple of Diana at, 60;
desolation at, 61

Epistyle, 7

Erechtheium (Athens); 59;
and Athena Polias, 62;
burial-place of Erechtheus, 64;
founded by Erechtheus, 64;
example of Attic-Ionic style, 65

Erechtheus, founder of the Erechtheium, 65

Escurial (near Madrid), 146–152;
combination forming, 146;
dome of basilica of, 146;
palace of, 147;
De Amicis’s description of, 148–152;
statues of, by Battiste Monegro, 149;
room of Philip II. in, 149;
basilica of, 149;
church of, 149;
courtyard of the kings of, 149;
convent of, 150, 151

Etruscans; 71;
theatres and amphitheatres of, 72

Euphrates, 29

Exchange at Marseilles, 162

Façade of Ducal Palace, 142

“Farnese Bull,” 81

“Farnese Hercules,” 81

Ferdinand and Isabella, reign of, 145

Fergusson and Gothic architecture, 93

Filippo Brunelleschi and art of Renaissance, 134–138

Fine Art Gallery, near baths of Caracalla, 81

Fitzwilliam College (Cambridge), 169

Flavian Amphitheatre, 80

Florence, cathedral of, 134

Fontaine St. Michel, 165

Fontainebleau, palace of, 154

Fortress, the Acropolis as a, 62

Fortresses of ancient Greece, 48

Forum Boarium, 82

France;
and revival of classic art, 134;
and Gothic architecture, 153;
sovereigns of, as influencing architecture, 154;
change in style in, from Gothic to Renaissance, 156;
style of Henry IV. in, 161;
time of classic revival, 162;
domestic architecture of, 162;
Neo-Grec style in, 165, 166;
modern, 165, 166

Francesco Sforza, 144

Francis I., of France;
and introduction of Italian art, 154;
Louvre rebuilt by, 160

Frieze;
definition of, 53;
of Ionic order, 56;
of Tuscan order, 76;
of Walhalla, 178

Gargoyle, 98

Garibald, King of Bavaria, 90

Gateway Huldah of temple at Jerusalem, 44

Gateways;
in walls of Nineveh, 21;
in walls of Babylon, 29;
golden, iron, and brazen, of palace of Diocletian, 86
200

Germany;
and revival of classic art, 134;
imitation of details of Greek architecture in, 173;
modern architecture of, 173

Ghizeh, pyramids of, 3

Gibbon (historian) and St. Sophia, 122

Giotto’s campanile, 112

Girard College (Philadelphia), 186

Glaber, Rodulphe, 93

Glyptothek at Munich, 177

Gothic order;
Fergusson’s location of, 93;
extension and origin of, 93;
invention of interior aisles in, 98;
design of, in ornament, 99;
painted glass applied to, 100;
Spanish variation of, 105;
modification of in Northern Italy, 111;
combined with Eastern decoration in Venetian architecture, 114;
last distinct order, 133;
in France, 153;
union of, with Italian design in France, 154;
in England, 166;
in the Tudor age, 170;
and Houses of Parliament, 171

Goths, temple of Diana burned by, 61

Goujon, Jean, and the Louvre, 160

Goya, 149

Græco-Roman style, 146

Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar, 110

“Grand Monarque.” See Louis XIV.

“Grands Hommes,” Pantheon dedicated to, 158

Great Hall of Audience;
plan of, 41;
theories concerning, 42

Great Hall of Baths of Diocletian, 80

Great Palace near Persepolis, 36–38

Grecian Doric order;
shaft of, 12;
domestic architecture of, 70

Greece;
art of, as compared with that of Egypt, 20;
prehistoric days of, 47;
origin of architecture of, 48;
coloring of marbles in, 65;
skill in deceiving the eye, in architecture of, 67;
theatres of, 68;
origin of drama in, 68;
effect in Germany of discoveries in, 173

Greenwich Hospital, 169

Gregory I. (Pope), 92

“Groves of Pillars,” 44

Hadrian; 77;
tomb of (castle of St. Angelo), 84

Halicarnassus;
mausoleum at, 68;
in possession of Knights of St. John, 70;
name of, changed to Boodroom, 70;
sculptures of, in British Museum, 70

Hall of Fame, 176 (and see Ruhmeshalle)

Hall of One Hundred Columns, 38

Hall of Xerxes, 38–41 (and see Great Hall of Audience)

Hampton, palace of (designed by Wren), 169

Hanging Gardens of Babylon; 29;
interior structure of, 29, 30;
and Semiramis, 30;
and Nebuchadnezzar, 30

Henry of Ofterdingen, 110

“Hercules of Assyria,” 24

Hermann, Count of Thuringia, 110

Herodotus, “Father of History,” 47

Herostratus, 60

Heshâm, 126

Hexastyle, 52

Homer, “Iliad” and “Odyssey” of, 47

“House of the Virgin,” 62 (and see Parthenon)

Houses of Parliament (London); 170;
and Gothic revision, 171

Hypostyle Hall (Karnak); 11;
compared with St. Peter’s (Rome), 140
201

Ibn-touloun, mosque built by, 123

“Iliad,” knowledge of Grecian history from, 47

Inigo Jones. See Jones, Inigo

Inscriptions, Arabic, 130

Invalides, church of the, 156–158

Ionic capital, 55, 56

Ionic order; 52–54;
traced back, 55;
capital of, 55, 56;
architrave of, 56;
columns of, 56;
compared with Doric order, 57;
combined with Doric in interior of the Parthenon, 64

Isabella and Ferdinand, reign of, 145

Isis, temple of, 18

Ismail Pasha, Khedive of Egypt, 16

Italy;
architecture of; 87;
Byzantine order in southern part of, 111;
best days of architecture in, 144

Jaen (Granada);
cathedral of, 146

Jay, Hon. John, home of, 184

Jerusalem, temple of;
Gateway Huldah of, 44;
design of, proving Roman influence, 45

Jones, Inigo (architect); 166;
designer of Chiswick House, 167;
designer of Wilton House, 167

Jordan, ruins beyond, 44

Josef de Churriguera, 146

Josephus, proving time of building temple of Jerusalem, 45

Judea;
art-history of, 44;
ruins of, at Jerusalem, Baalbec, Palmyra, and Petra, 44

Justinian (Emperor), and St. Sophia, 119

Kaitbey, mosque at, 125

Karnak, palace-temple of; 8–12;
Hypostyle Hall in, 10

Khedive of Egypt, Ismail Pasha, 16

Khorsabad, palace of, 26

La Scala, Milan, 180

Lateran, palace of, 81

Leonardo da Vinci, 153

Library of St. Mark’s (Venice), 142

Liverpool, St. George’s Hall at, 169

Livy, works of, 134

Longfellow, home of, 184

Louis I. (Bavaria), and revival of Greek art, 173, 175

Louis XIII. (France), and classic architecture, 161

Louis XIV. (France), and revival of classic architecture, 162

Louis XV. (France), 158

Louis Philippe, 162

Louvre (Paris), 160

Lowell, James Russell, home of, 184

Ludwig Strasse (Munich), architectural failure, 177

Luther and castle of Wartburg, 111

Lyons, new Bourse in, 162

Lysicrates, monument of, 67

Madeleine, church of the, 160

Malaga, churches of, 146

Mans, monastery at, 103

Mansard, Jules Hardouin, 156

Marburg, 110

Marcus Scaurus, 80

Marseilles, exchange at, 162

Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, 68

Mausolus, 69, 70

Maxentius, basilica of, 79

Mecca, 123

Medinet Habou, house at, 16

Mehemet Ali, 15

Memorial Hall (Cambridge), 188

Memphis, ruins of, used in new buildings, 7

Metope, 53

Michael Angelo, and church of S. Maria Degli Angeli, 80;
and St. Peter’s (Rome), 138–140
202

Middle Ages;
Italian towers of, 111;
prosperity of architecture of (Venice), 114

Middle period in America, 184

Milan, La Scala of, 180

Minarets of mosques, 125

Minerva. See Athena

Modern architecture;
imitative, 133;
since Renaissance, 133;
in Italy, 134;
three eras of, in Spain, 146;
in Germany, 173;
diversity of style of, in United States, 186

Mohammed, 123

Mokattam Mountains, 4

Monks of Middle Ages, 102

Monolith of the Gateway Holdah, 44

Monuments in France, 164

Monza, cathedral of, 92

Moresco or Moorish order, 106, 123

Morris, General, and “Old Morrisania,” 184

Morrisania, 184

Mosaics of St. Sophia, 120

Mosque;
at Cairo, 123;
minarets of same, 125;
near Cairo, 125

Mosque of Cordova, 126;
De Amicis, concerning, 126;
naves of, 127;
marbles of, 127;
columns of, 127, 128

Mosque of Kaitboy, 125

Mother of God, church of (Constantinople), 123

Muezzin, the call of, 125, 126

Munich;
modern architecture of, 173, 174;
church of St. Ludwig at, 175;
Ruhmeshalle at, 176;
glyptothek of, 177

Museum;
of Berlin, 177;
at Oxford, 170, 171

Music halls, 180

Mutules, 65

Mycenæ, 48

Mythology, 47

Napoleon I.;
and pyramids, 3;
tomb of, 158;
inscription from will of, 158;
Car of Victory, trophy of, 173

Napoleon III., 162, 166

Nebuchadnezzar;
and “Hanging Gardens,” 30;
and Birs-i-Nimrud, 32

Neo-Byzantine order, 117

Neo-Grec order, 166

Nero (Emperor), temple of Diana robbed by, 61

New museum at Oxford, 170, 171

New theatre, Dresden, 177

Newton, discoverer of sculptures at Halicarnassus, 70

New World, discovery of, 145

New York, Trinity Church in, 188

Nile, near Thebes, 14

Nineveh;
walls of, 21;
gateways of, 21;
ornamentation of gateways of, 23;
palaces of, 27

Norman Conquest, 116

Northern Spain, Arabs of, 128

Obelisk;
now in Paris, 13;
at Alexandria, 15;
Cleopatra’s Needles, 15;
expressing worship, 16;
in Central Park, New York, 16;
the Assyrian, 28, 29

“Odyssey,” knowledge of Grecian history from, 47

“Old Morrisania,” 184

Opera House (Paris), 180

Order. See Gothic, Moresco or Moorish, Civil, Neo-Byzantine, Neo-Grec, Romanesque, Byzantine, Saracenic

Order of the Garter, symbol of, 89

Oriental art;
characteristics of, 59;
and the caryatid, 59

Oxford, new museum at, 170
203

Painted glass and Gothic architecture, 100

Palace;
of Khorsabad, 27;
of Ecbatana, 34;
of Susa, 34;
of Artaxerxes Ochus, 38;
of Darius, 38;
of Xerxes, 38;
of Diocletian at Spalatro, 86;
of the Escurial, 147, 149;
of Versailles, 162;
of Whitehall, 166;
of Hampton, 169;
of Winchester, 169

Palaces;
of Assyria, 23–26;
of Nineveh, 27

Palace-temples, Egyptian, 8

Palais du Trocadéro, 165

Pantheon (Rome); 76–78;
rotunda and porch of, 76;
preservation of, 77;
inscription on portico of, 77;
burial-place of Raphael and Annibale Caracci, 78

Pantheon (Paris), 158;
and see church of St. Genevieve

Parapet of Ducal Palace, Venice, 142

Paris;
rebuilt, 162;
the boulevards of, 164;
new opera house of, 180

Parthenon (Athens); 53, 54;
built of Pentelic marble, 64;
of Doric order of architecture, 64;
erected under care of Phidias, 64;
sculptures of, 64

Paul Silentiarius and description of St. Sophia, 120

Pediment, 54

Pepperell, Sir William, 184

Pericles at Athens, 61

Peristyle, 52

Persepolis;
great palace near, 36–38;
spring residence of Persian kings, 42

Persia;
inscriptions found in, 21;
palaces of, 34;
taught by Assyria and Babylonia, 34;
platforms of, 36;
regularity of architecture of, 43;
faults of architecture of, 44

Peruzzi, 140

Pharaoh, and tombs at Beni-Hassan, 6

Phidias;
and Athena Promachos, 62;
Parthenon erected under care of, 64;
sculptures executed by, 64

Philæ;
temple on island of, 18;
buildings at, 19

Philip II. of Spain;
and decline of Spanish art, 145;
and the Escurial, 146;
cell of, in the Escurial, 149;
chair of, 150

Piazza of St. Mark (Venice), 142

Picture Gallery, Dresden, 177

Piers, Egyptian, 11

Pilasters, 52; 127; (and see Antæ)

Pillar of the Gateway Huldah, 44

Pillars;
of Great Hall of Audience, 38–41;
of Doric order, 52;
of San Miniato, 116;
of Ducal Palace, 142;
(and see Columns)

Pinacotica, near Baths of Caracalla, 81

Pinakothek (Dresden), 177

Pitti Palace, gallery of, 138, 154

Platerisco, 146

Platforms, Persian, 36

Pope, the, and Italian art, 154

Porches of Northern Italy, 112

Porte St. Denis (Paris), 164

Portico;
of basilica of St. Mark’s, 115;
of the Court of Lions, 130;
the Ruhmeshalle, 176;
of Capitol at Washington, 183

Praxiteles and temple of Diana, 60, 61

Priene, temple of Athena at, 55

Priests, patrons of art during Middle Ages, 102

Primaticcio, 153

Prince Louis of Thuringia, 110

Promachos (see Athena), 62

Propylæa;
Assyrian, 24;
of Acropolis, 62, 64
204

Proto-Doric order, 7

Ptolemies, 17

Public Library of Munich, 177

Pyramids of Cheops; 2;
size of, 3;
interior of, 4

Pyramids of Ghizeh; 3;
tombs near, 5

Quatrefoil, 142

“Queen Anne style” in America, 186

Rameses the Great. See Colossi.

Raphael, 140

Ratisbon, the Walhalla near, 178

Reformation, the, 133

Religion;
influencing Egyptian art, 8;
a factor in national architecture, 9

Renaissance; 104; 134;
buildings erected in Italy during, 142;
and Leonardo da Vinci, 145;
and Michael Angelo, 145;
and Raphael, 145;
in England, 166

Richelieu (cardinal), 154

“Ritter George,” 111

Roman theatre, first, 80

Romanesque order, 87

Romanesque and Byzantine orders mingled, 122

Rome;
ruled by Etruscans, 71;
acqueducts and bridges of, 74;
earliest works of, directed by Etruscans, 74;
growth of Composite order in, 75;
temples of, 76;
interior architecture of, 76;
Pantheon of, 76–78;
basilicas of, 78;
decline of art in, 80;
theatres of, 80;
triumphal arches of, 81;
tombs of, 83–86;
domestic architecture of, 85;
influence of classic literature in, 133;
St. Peter’s at, 138–140

Rood-screens, 107

Rose windows, 102

Rouen, custom house at, 162

Royal Palace at Munich, 177

Ruhmeshalle (Munich);
columns of, 176;
statue in front of, 176

Ruins;
Assyrian, 21;
Judean, 44;
of temple of Diana, at Ephesus, 60

Ruskin, John;
and Ducal Palace (Venice), 142;
teaching of, 171

St. Bride’s (Fleet Street), 168

St. Elizabeth of Hungary, 110

St. Eustache, church of (Paris), 154

St. Genevieve, church of (Paris), 158

St. George’s Hall, Liverpool, 169

St. Germain; 103, 173

St. James’s (Piccadilly), church of, 168

St. John Lateran, 89

St. Ludwig, church of (Munich), 175

St. Mark’s (Venice), 114;
piazza of, 114;
portico of, 115

St. Mark’s, Library of (Venice), 114

St. Paul’s, cathedral of (London), 167

St. Paul’s, Covent Garden, 166, 167

St. Paul’s without the Walls; 88;
bronze gates of, 89;
columns of, 89

St. Peter’s (Rome);
as compared with palace-temple, 8;
dome and cross of, 138;
and Michael Angelo, 138–140;
begun and finished, 138–140;
criticised, 140

St. Quentin, battle of, 146

St. Sophia, church of (Constantinople);
green jasper columns of, 61; 117;
and Justinian, 119;
Gibbon’s description of, 119;
Paul Silentiarius’s description of, 120

St. Vitale, church of (Ravenna), 123

San Carlo, opera house of (Naples), 180
205

San Miniato, church of (Florence), 115, 116

San Paolo fuori della Mura. See St. Paul’s without the Walls

Sansovino, 142

Sta. Maria del Fiore. See cathedral of Florence

Sta. Maria Degli Angeli, church of, and Michael Angelo, 80

Saraceni. See “the Easterns”

Saracenic architecture, 123, 124;
principal homes of, 126;
study of, 132

Sargon, 26

Scaurus, Marcus, 80

Schliemann, 48

Sculpture Gallery of Munich, 177

Sculptures;
executed by Phidias, 64;
Gothic use of, in decoration, 107

Segovia, churches of, 146

Semiramis (Queen), and “Hanging Gardens,” 30

Sennacherib, 26

Septimius Severus;
and Pantheon, 77;
arch of, 82;
wife of, 82

Sepulchres, 85 (and see Tombs)

Seti I., tomb of, 7

Sforza, Francesco, 144

Shaft of Tuscan column, 76

Shrines of Babylon, riches of, 31, 32

Shushan, 42

Sicilian architecture, remarkable style of, 116

Sicily, Christian art of, 116

Soufflot (architect), 158

Spain;
and Gothic art, 104, 105;
and Moorish architecture, 123;
and classic art, 134;
from time of fall of Granada, 145;
modern architecture of, 146;
domestic architecture of, 152;
people of, as artists, and Fergusson, 152, 153

Sphinx, 13

Spires, 98

Staircase of temple of Diana (Ephesus), 60

Staircases of Persepolis, 36

Statue of Bavaria, 176

Statues of the Escurial, 149, 150

Street of the Tripods, 68

Suphis. See Cheops

Susa, palace of, 34

Sutri, 72

Syene, granite of, in pyramids, 4

Symbol of Order of the Garter, 89

Symbolism of Gothic ornament, 107, 108

Tacitus, 134

Tapestries of Escurial, 149

Temple;
of Karnak, 13;
of Luxor, 13;
of Denderah, 17;
of Philæ, 17;
influenced by Egypt, in building, 17;
of Birs-i-Nimrud, 32;
of Jerusalem, 44, 45;
earliest style of, in Greece, 48;
of Athena at Priene, 55;
of Diana at Ephesus, 60,
and Praxiteles, 60, 61,
and Theodosius I. (Emperor), 61,
burned by Goths, 61,
robbed by Nero, 61;
the Erechtheium as a, 65;
of Vesta, 89

Temple Court of palace of Khorsabad, 27

Temples;
of Babylon, 30;
of Rome, 76;
in the Court of the Lions, 130

Tenia, 52

Thais, 34

Theatres;
of Rome, 80;
list of most important, 179

Thebes;
“Tombs of the Kings” near, 7;
grandeur of ruins of, 7,8

Theodolinda; 90;
iron crown of, 92

206Theodosius I., and temple of Diana, 61
and St. Paul’s without the Walls, 88

Theresa, Queen of Louis I. of Bavaria, 176

Theresienhöhe, 177

Thermæ, 80

Titus, arch of, 82

Tomb;
of Seti I., 7;
of Cyrus, 42, 43;
of Darius, 43;
of Mausolus, 69, 70;
of Hadrian, 84

Tombs;
at Beni-Hassan, 5;
near Pyramids, 5;
“of the kings,” near Thebes, 7;
Persian, 42;
exploration of Persian, 43;
Etruscan, 73;
of Rome, 83–86

Toscanelli, 138

Tower;
of Birs-i-Nimrud, 32;
of Giotto, 112

Towers;
of Babylonish temples, 31;
in Gothic architecture, 98;
of Italy, in Middle Ages, 111;
of Westminster Abbey, 168 (and see Campanile)

Trajan;
basilica of, 79;
and arch of Beneventum, 82

Triglyphs, 53

Trinity Church;
Paris, 160;
Boston, 188;
New York, 188

Tripod, 68

Trojan war, 47

Troy, Schliemann’s discoveries at, 48

Tudor age, Gothic style in, 170

Tumuli, 73

Tuscan order, 75, 76

Ula, the, 126

United States;
capitols of, 181;
first buildings of, 181;
classic architecture and, 182;
cella divided in, 182;
characteristic types of edifices in, 188

University of Munich, 177

Valentinian II., 88

Valladolid, cathedral of, 146

Van Rensselaer homestead, 184

Vatican compared with palace-temple, 8

Venice, architecture of, 114

Versailles, palace of, 162

Vesta, temple of, 89

Vignon, 160

Villa Borghese, palace of, 81

Walhalla, 178, 179

Walls;
of Nineveh, 21;
of Babylon, 29

War office (Munich), 177

Wartburg, castle on, 109

Washington (U. S.), national capitol at, 182

Washington, George, and national capital, 182

Wren, Sir Christopher, 167, 168, 169

Wyatville, Sir Jeffrey, 170

Xerxes, 37, 38

Zahra, 129