A HISTORY OF ART FOR BEGINNERS AND STUDENTS

PAINTING—SCULPTURE—ARCHITECTURE WITH COMPLETE INDEXES AND NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS

BY CLARA ERSKINE CLEMENT
AUTHOR OF “HANDBOOK OF LEGENDARY AND MYTHOLOGICAL ART,” “PAINTERS, SCULPTORS, ENGRAVERS, ARCHITECTS AND THEIR WORKS,” “ARTISTS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY,” ETC.

Cover created by Transcriber and placed in the Public Domain.

Fig. 1.—the Pyramids of Ghizeh.

NEW YORK
FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY
MDCCCXCI

Copyright, 1887,
By FREDERICK A. STOKES,

Successor To White, Stokes, & Allen.

v

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.
Ancient Or Heathen Architecture. 3000 B.C. to A.D. 328,
Egypt,
Assyria,
Babylon,
Persia,
Judea,
Greece,
Etruria,
Rome,
CHAPTER II.
Christian Architecture. A.D. 328 to about 1400,
Gothic Architecture,
Byzantine Architecture,
Saracenic Architecture,
CHAPTER III.
Modern Architecture. A.D. 1400 to the Present Time,
Italy,
viSpain,
France,
England,
Germany,
Theatres and Music Halls,
United States of America,
GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS,
INDEX,

vii

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

The Pyramids of Ghizeh,
The Ascent of a Pyramid,
View of Gallery in the Great Pyramid,
Poulterer’s Shop,
Rock-cut Tomb (Beni-Hassan),
The Hall of Columns at Karnak,
Pillar from Thebes (showing the Three Parts),
Sculptured Capital,
Palm Capital,
Pillar from Sedingæ,
The Great Sphinx,
Cleopatra’s Needles,
Pavilion at Medinet Habou,
Temple on the Island of Philæ,
Gateways in Walls of Khorsabad,
Entrance to Smaller Temple (Nimrud),
Pavement Slab (from Koyunjik),
Remains of Propylæum, or Outer Gateway (Khorsabad),
Plan of Palace (Khorsabad),
Relief from Khorsabad. A Temple,
Restoration of an Assyrian Palace,
Elevation of the Temple of the Seven Spheres at Borsippa,
Birs-i-Nimrud (near Babylon),
Masonry of Great Platform (Persepolis),
Parapet Wall of Staircase. Persepolis. (Restored),
Ruins of the Palace of Darius (Persepolis),
viiiGateway of Hall of a Hundred Columns,
Double-horned Lion Capital,
Complex Capital and Base of Pillars (Persepolis),
Base of Another Pillar (Persepolis),
Ground-plan (Restored) of Hall of Xerxes (Persepolis),
Part of a Base of the Time of Cyrus (Pasargadæ),
The Tomb of Cyrus,
Roof of One of the Compartments of the Gate Huldah,
Temple of Diana (Eleusis),
Gravestone from Mycenæ (Schliemann),
Small Temple at Rhamnus,
The Parthenon. Athens. (Restored),
Plan of Temple of Apollo (Bassæ),
From the Parthenon (Athens),
Ionic Architecture,
Ionic Base,
Attic Base,
Base from Temple of Hera (Samos),
Ionic Capital (front view),
Ionic Capital (side view),
From Monument of Lysicrates (Athens),
Corinthian Order,
Caryatid,
Stool, or Chair (Khorsabad),
The Acropolis. Athens. (Restored),
The Erechtheium. Athens. (Restored),
Choragic Monument of Lysicrates. Athens,
The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (Restored),
Tombs at Castel d’Asso,
Principal Chamber of the Regulini-Galeassi Tomb,
Arch at Volterra,
Gateway (Arpino),
Arch of Cloaca Maxima (Rome),
Composite Order, from the Arch of Septimius Severus (Rome),
Doric Arcade,
Ground-plan of Pantheon (Rome),
Interior of the Pantheon,
Longitudinal Section of Basilica of Maxentius,
Arch of Constantine (Rome),
Arch of Trajan (Beneventum),
Tomb of Cecilia Metella,
Columbarium near the Gate of St. Sebastian (Rome),
Interior of Basilica of St. Paul’s (Rome),
ixThe Cathedral of Chartres,
Church of St. Nicholas (Caen),
Façade of Cathedral of Notre Dame (Paris),
Clustered Pillar,
Buttress,
Hinge,
Iron-work,
Gargoyle,
Nail-head,
Scroll,
Section of Church (Carcassone). With Outer Aisles Added in Fourteenth Century,
Spires of Laon Cathedral,
Portal of the Minorites’ Church (Vienna),
External Elevation, Cathedral of Paris,
Wheel Window, from Cathedral (Toscanella),
Collegiate Church. Toro. (From Villa Amil),
St. Paul, Saragossa,
Cloister (Tarazona),
Rood-screen, from the Madeleine (Troyes),
Palace of Wartburg,
Tower of Cremona,
St. Mark’s Cathedral (Venice),
Section of San Miniato (near Florence),
San Giovanni degli Eremiti (Palermo),
Church of St. Sophia. Constantinople. (Exterior View),
Lower Order of St. Sophia,
Upper Order of St. Sophia,
Interior View of Church of St. Sophia,
Mosque of Kaitbey,
The Call to Prayer,
Exterior of the Sanctuary in the Mosque of Cordova,
Court of the Lions (Alhambra),
The Cathedral of Florence and Giotto’s Campanile,
View of St. Peter’s (Rome),
Section of St. Peter’s,
East Elevation of Library of St. Mark,
The Doge’s Palace (Venice),
Great Court of the Hospital of Milan,
The Escurial (near Madrid),
Façade of the Church of St. Michael (Dijon),
Façade of the Dome of the Invalides (Paris),
The Pantheon (Paris),
xThe Madeleine (Paris),
Pavilion de l’Horloge and Part of the Court of the Louvre,
Château of Chambord,
Porte St. Denis (Paris),
Arc de l’Étoile (Paris),
East Elevation of St. Paul’s (Covent Garden),
St. Paul’s, London (from the West),
St. George’s Hall (Liverpool),
Windsor Castle,
The Houses of Parliament (London),
The Brandenburg Gate (Berlin),
The Basilica at Munich,
The Ruhmeshalle (near Munich),
The Museum (Berlin),
The Walhalla,
The New Opera House (Paris),
The United States Capitol (Washington),
State Capitol (Columbus, Ohio),
Sir William Pepperell’s House (Kittery Point, Maine),
Old Morrisania (Morrisania, New York),
Residence at Irvington, New York,